if 1...c5 then 2. Nf3.

New = Old + 12*r + 0.03(Opp - Old)

1/(1+10^(d/400))

(inverse stupidity expansion)

(Mean field chess)

White Won: 38%
Black Won: 29%
Draw: 33%

Kasparov, meanwhile, put on a display of dismayed bad sportsmanship and moved off stage to salve his wounds with the $400,000 loser's purse. He intimated that the computer had had some kind of human assistance and talked darkly about "mysteries."

We doubt that. But more impressive is Kasparov's constant complaint that the match was imbalanced: While the Deep Blue team could study all of Kasparov's matches, he saw none of his opponent's games. (If that sounds trivial, know that grandmasters routinely train by examining opponent's games.)

Hex was independently invented by Danish mathematician Piet Hein in 1942, and by American mathematician John Nash in 1948. It is said that very early on, the game was played by Princeton students on the floor of their dormitory bathroom, which had hexagon-shaped tiles. Martin Gardner popularized the game when he wrote about it in The Scientific American Book of Mathematical Puzzles and Diversions in 1959.

Laura-Lee Balkwill & William Forde Thompson, "A Cross-Cultural Investigation of the Perception of Emotion in Music: Psychophysical and Cultural Cues", Music Perception 17 (1), 1999, pp. 43-64.