Biolexicology = Study of the rules (the First Genetic Code1) mapping nucleotide sequences (corresponding to words) of coding DNA to amino acid sequences of proteins.

Biosyntactics = Study of spatiotemporally organized DNA folded structures (corresponding to sentences) which determine spatiotemporal evolution of gene expressions.

Biogrammar = Rules (the Second Genetic Code1) mapping the nucleotide sequences of noncoding DNA to spatiotemporally organized DNA folded structures.

Biophonology = Study of mechanisms underlying energy-requiring conformational (i.e., noncovalent) and configurational (i.e., covalent) structural transitions of DNA. Such structural changes are postulated to be driven by conformons.2

Biosemantics = Study of biological meanings (i.e., functions) of structures and processes of living systems (e.g., discerning biologically meaningful from biologically irrelevant covalent modifications of DNA by carcinogens).